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Objective: To investigate the effect of normoxic acidosis on HIF-1α protein expression and activity in human liver cancer cell line HepG2, so as to assess the role of acidosis in tumor growth. Methods: HepG2 cells were cultured in vitro; the cell growth was assessed by MTT assay after exposure to normoxic acidosis culture media (AP, pH 6.5) for 20 h, and the results were compared with those of the control cells (SD, pH 7.2). Nuclear extractions were performed in the cultured cells, and HIF-1α protein level and HIF-1 DNA binding activities were examined by immunocytochemistry, Western blotting, and HIF-1α Transcription Factor Assay Kit (TransAM™). The protein level of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) was detected in whole cell extractions by Western blotting assay. Results: MTT assay demonstrated that the cell survival rate was (98.71±1.79)% after treatment with normoxic acidosis culture media (AP, pH 6.5). In comparison with SD group, we noted a slight decrease of cell viability in AP group (P>0.05). Western blotting analysis showed that the levels of HIF-1α and VEGF protein increased by (9.34±1.67) folds and (3.42±0.83) folds, respectively (P<0.01). Moreover, normoxic acidosis greatly enhanced HIF-1α DNA-binding activity compared to SD groups (P<0.01). Conclusion: Normoxic acidosis can evidently increase HIF-1α protein level and DNA binding activity in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the protein level of VEGF, an important target gene of HIF-1, is also increased. Therefore it is suggested that, in addition to hypoxia, acidosis may also play an important role in induction of HIF-1 in cancer.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To search for rational and effective treatments for penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 58 cases of pathologically confirmed PSCC, focusing on the treatment methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Based on Jackson Staging, 25 of the 58 cases fell into stage I, 18 stage II, 11 stage III, and 4 stage IV. Fifty-three of the patients were treated by surgery, of whom 43 underwent limited resection of the tumor or partial amputation of the penis, and the other 10 received total penis amputation plus perineal urethrostomy and clearance of lymphoglandulae iliacae and inguinal lymph nodes, with the lymphoglandulae iliacae positive in 1 case and the inguinal lymph nodes positive in all. Thirty-seven cases received neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (thermotherapy plus chemotherapy) and combined postoperative chemotherapy, 12 postoperative chemotherapy only, and 4 merely surgery. Five of the total number underwent chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy without surgery. The 2-5 years follow-up of 48 patients found recurrence in 4 cases of partial penis amputation within 2 years, 4 deaths within 2 years, 7 deaths from 2 to 5 years. The 2- and 5-year survival rates were 91.7% and 77.1%, respectively. Ten of the cases were lost in follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Surgery + neoadjuvant hormonal therapy + postoperative chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy is an effective method for PSCC, but whether it can reduce the recurrence of PSCC and improve the survival of the patients remains to be further studied.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , General Surgery , Therapeutics , Neoplasm Staging , Penile Neoplasms , General Surgery , Therapeutics , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective To study the feature of MRI in ureter transitional cell carcinoma,to evaluate the diagnostic value in transitional cell carcinoma of ureter with MRI.Methods Heavily T_2-weighted fast spin echo pulse sequence,fat suppression pulse and MR urography(MRU)were performed.The MRI finding of the ureter transitional cell carcinoma were anlysed in 32 cases and were discssed with the review of literature.Results Fifteen lesions were located at the upper portionof the ureter,7 at mid portion and 10 at lower portion.Each case presented urinary obstruction,distention and uretal hydrocele.21 retrograde urleropyelogrhpy of nodular shaperal irregular,11 irregular the ureteral wall,10 dilate the ureter in 21 cases,11 infitrative lesion to grow in location,9 lymphanode to enlarge in surrounding of major arterial of abdominal and renal out in 11 cases.17—72 mm length the lesion,39 mm average,6—50 mm width the leion,17 mm average.Hypointense on T_1 WI and hyperintense on T_2 WI image in 23 cases,hyperintense on both T_1 WI and T_2 WI image in 5 cases,hypointense on T_1 WI and isointense on T_2 WI image in 2 case, slightly hypointense on both T_1 WI and T_2 WI images in 2 case.Ninteen homogeneous and 13 non homogeneous of signal in lesion,22 reliable and 5 suspicious diagnosis and 5 misdiagnosis in MRI. Conclusion The location,the shape,the spectrum of the tumor and change of surrounding tiessue were clear cuted in MRI,but further research in confirmation of the diagnosis.